The effect of chromium on production variables in lactating dairy cows has not been characterized. The objective of this study was to perform a meta-analysis to examine dry matter intake (DMI), milk yield (MY) and component production responses when a bioavailable form of chromium (CR) was fed to lactating dairy cows. Data were obtained from 16 peer-reviewed publications. The final data set included 45 diet treatments, with 29 treatments supplementing CR and 16 non-supplemented control treatments (CON). A random-effects model with the effect of study set as random was chosen to estimate the mean of the sampling distribution of possible effect sizes, and studies were weighted by the inverse of their variance. Weighted mean differences between CR and CON treatments as well as standard errors of the differences between means are reported. Across studies, the average amount of additional elemental chromium fed to cows was 8.44 ± 4.19 mg/d. All means are reported as CON vs CR ± standard error of the difference; associated P – value, respectively. Chromium increased DMI (17.69 vs 18.67 ± 0.24 kg/d; P < 0.001) and milk yield (34.25 vs 35.8 ± 0.34 kg/d; P < 0.001). Milk fat percentage (4.11 vs 4.06 ± 0.06%; P = 0.432) and lactose percentage (4.71 vs 4.72% ± 0.01; P = 0.609) did not differ between treatments, while milk protein percentage decreased with CR feeding (3.08 vs 3.04 ± 0.02%; P = 0.033). Yields of milk fat (1.32 vs 1.39 ± 0.01 kg/d; P < 0.001), milk protein (1.17 vs 1.21 ± 0.02 kg/d; P < 0.001), and milk lactose (1.72 vs 1.87 ± 0.02 kg/d; P < 0.001) increased with CR feeding. In a subset of 5 publications where CR was supplemented to cows in early lactation, body weight loss decreased (−10.34 vs −8.11 ± 0.92% of starting BW; P = 0.02). In summary, supplementing CR increased DMI, milk yield, and milk component yield in lactating cows. In addition, BW loss decreased when CR was supplemented to cows in early lactation.