After calving, a well described multifactorial inflammatory state can affect the reproductive performance, health and welfare of dairy cows. We hypothesize that an important source of inflammation could come from non-diagnosed and untreated diseases such as clinical metritis (CM). Our objective was to evaluate the effect of the treatment with carprofen during early postpartum on the incidence of CM and subsequent reproductive performance of dairy cows. Fifty-four multiparous Holstein cows were selected upon entry to the close-up group. After calving cows were assigned randomly a one of 2 treatments. CAR (n = 25) received 1.4 mg/kg BW of carprofen (Rimadyl 50 mg/mL) in a single dose between 12 and 48 h postpartum and CON (n = 29) were untreated controls. CM diagnoses were performed weekly starting on d 3–21 postpartum based on the characteristics of the vaginal discharge described by Huzzey et al. (2007). Reproductive data were collected from the farm records and used to calculate conception rate at first service (CRFS), calving to first service interval (CFSI), calving to conception interval (CCI) and services per conception (SC). Data analyses were performed using the GENLINMIXED procedure for SPSS (v.25) considering treatment, CM (presence or absence) and their interactions as fixed effects and cow as a random effect. Significance level was set at P < 0.05. CAR treatment decreased the incidence (Table 1) and the risk of developed CM (OR = 0.296, CI 95% OR = 0.09–0.95, P = 0.04) compared with the CON treatment. Reproductive performance was not influenced by any treatment (Table 1). Treatment with carprofen decreased the incidence of clinical metritis but did not affect subsequent reproductive performance parameters. Table 1 (Abstr. 406). Estimated means (with SEM in parentheses) of clinical metritis and reproductive variables in the CAR and CON treatments

Variable	Treatment		P-value
CAR	CON
Metritis incidence, %	36 (0.09)	65.5 (0.09)	0.04
CRFS, %	36 (0.10)	34.5 (0.09)	0.90
Calving to first service interval, d	55.5 (1.63)	58.3 (1.44)	0.19
Calving to conception interval, d	118.7 (8.15)	120.2 (6.72)	0.88
Services to conception, no.	2.3 (0.29)	2 (0.26)	0.56