The objective of this study was to determine the effect of molasses-based liquid feed (LF) supplementation on the behavior, health, and production of early lactation cows in robotic herds. In 6 commercial robotic dairy herds, 400 dairy cows were randomly assigned, within farm, balanced by parity, to receive at calving 1 of 2 treatments: 1) control group (C) receiving standardized robotic pellet (mean = 4.3 kg/d, n = 200), or 2) standardized robotic pellet feeding (mean = 4.0 kg/d, n = 200) plus 1 kg DM/d of LF for MP cows (1.6 kg/d as fed) and 0.88 kg DM/d for PP cows (1.4 kg/d as fed). Across farms, cows were fed a partial mixed ration that were similar in ingredient and nutrient composition. Cows on LF received supplementation for the first 60 d post-calving. Production, rumination time, and health status were monitored for 100 d post-calving. Blood samples were taken 2×/wk for the first 4 wk post-calving to assess energy balance (BHB). Samples with BHB ≥ 1.2 mmol/L were classified as a case of subclinical ketosis (SCK). Using mixed-effect linear regression models, we analyzed the effect of treatment, parity, and their interaction (only if significant P < 0.05) on linear outcomes. Chi-squared tests were used to establish associations between treatment and health status. Milk yield (LF = 36.8 kg/d, C = 36.6 kg/d; SE = 1.2; P = 0.88) and milking frequency (LF = 3.2×/d, C = 3.2×/d; SE = 0.07; P = 0.48) did not differ by treatment. Control cows had more daily robot visits overall compared with LF cows (LF = 5.1×/d, C = 5.8×/d; SE = 0.36; P = 0.02). Treatment affected the number of times cows tested positive for SCK (P = 0.05); cows on LF had fewer repeated occurrences of SCK, such that 15% of cows on LF had ≥3 cases of SCK out of 5 tests, compared with 27% of control cows. Overall, the results of this study suggest that supplementing molasses-based LF to robot-milked cows may help support the energy demands of milk production in early lactation and, thus, reduce the incidence of repeat SCK cases during that period.