The Dietary Guidelines for Americans Advisory Committee suggested that a reduction of animal-source foods would enhance sustainability and healthfulness of US diets. This work quantified contributions of domestically consumable dairy products to human-edible nutrient supply and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of US agriculture. Data on US dairy production were obtained from the analysis conducted by White and Hall (2017; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1707322114), which utilized data from USDA databases; the US Food and Drug Administration; the US Environmental Protection Agency; the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization; and peer-reviewed, published sources. We disaggregated the reported animal metrics to specifically assess contributions of dairy products available for domestic consumption. All assessments terminated at fluid milk production and did not consider further processing. Census Bureau data describing the US population by age and sex groups were matched to nutrient requirements (USDA and World Health Organization) to identify weighted average requirements of the US population. Dairy products were estimated to meet the average energy, protein, and calcium requirements of 71.2, 169, and 254 million people, respectively. The contributions of consumable dairy products to available domestic supply of energy (11% of total consumable supply), protein (20%), lysine (28%), methionine (24%), calcium (73%), vitamin A (39%), vitamin D (54%), riboflavin (47%), vitamin B₁₂ (47%), and choline (29%) were also quantified. Dairy products available for domestic consumption account for 1.4% of US anthropogenic emissions, 16% of agricultural emissions, and 32% of emissions from animal agriculture. Although this work provides an initial snapshot of how dairy products contribute to nutrient supply and GHG emissions, future work should explore economics, land and resource use efficiency, impact of processing, and targeted assessment of alternative nutrient sources (supplements, dietary fortification, etc.) to better quantify and understand the trade-offs.