Abstract #M161

# M161
Dry matter yield, nutritive value, and ensilability of triticale harvested at 3 maturity stages and 2 cutting times in Los Altos de Jalisco, Mexico.
Carlos H. Blanco Castellanos*1, José J. Olmos Colmenero1, Francisco E. Contreras-Govea2, Michel A. Wattiaux2, 1Departamento de Ciencias Pecuarias y Agrícolas, Centro Universitario de Los Altos de la Universidad de Guadalajara, Tepatitlán, Jalisco, México, 2Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI.

The aim of this study was to assess dry matter yield, nutritive value, and ensilability index (EI) of triticale forage when harvested at 3 maturity stages and 2 cutting times. A local variety of triticale was sown in 3 locations on November 25, 2013, and harvested at boot (March 7), early bloom (March 14), and dough stage (March 21) at 0800 (AM) and 1700 (PM) h. At each location, 4 randomly selected plots (2 × 3 m) from a 5.0 ha field, were harvested for dry matter yield determination and about 10.0 kg of fresh triticale was chopped to a TLC of 2.5 cm, wilted for a minimum of 2 h to reach 35% DM, and ensiled in quadruplicate PVC mini-silos targeting 800 kg m−3 of fresh material. Water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) was measured on fresh early bloom and dough stage samples. The experimental design was a split plot with maturity stage as whole plot and harvest time as subplot. Dry matter yield increased from 7.24 to 9.45 t/ha (P < 0.05), as maturity increased from boot to dough stage. Surprisingly, WSC was similar for AM and PM (11.3 and 11.1% of DM, respectively). There was no maturity stage by harvest time interaction for CP, NDF, ADF, and ADL. Concentration of CP decreased from 16.1% to 13.4% (P < 0.05), but NDF (53.8 vs. 56.3%), ADF (32.5 vs. 34.2%), and ADL (4.34 vs. 5.12%) increased (all P < 0.05) as maturity changed from boot to dough stage. On the 5 categories of EI scale (ranging from ≤ −47 to >28), all maturity stages were above 28, indicating high ensilability. In conclusion, regardless of maturity stage at harvest, triticale has excellent characteristics for high quality silage fermentation. Data from this study do not support the common assumption of greater WSC in evening cutting time because of plant photosynthesis during daylight compared with morning cutting time.

Key Words: triticale, ensilability index, maturity