The objective was to identify factors for pregnancy at first artificial insemination (P/1AI) in dairy herds from Argentina. A data set of 7,202 lactations from 31 dairies from central Argentina, with records of BCS at dry-off and at calving, type of parturition (normal, or dystocia), calving season (fall-winter vs spring-summer), milk yield up to 90 d (<2,200, ≥ 2,200 kg) and incidence of diseases (milk fever, RFM, metritis, mastitis, and lameness) were analyzed. Data were collected by researchers. For dichotomous variables, logistic regression models were conducted. Models with the best deviance were retained. For continuous variables GLM ANOVA were conducted, testing for interactions. From the total, 60.2% gained or maintained BCS from dry-off to parturition and 39.8% lost BCS. Normal parturitions were 87.9% and dystocia 12.1%. Incidence of milk fever was 6.0%, RFM 8.5%, metritis 4.3%, mastitis 20.8%, and lameness 9.0%. From the total, 63.0% were fall-winter parturitions and 37.0% spring-summer parturitions. Primiparous cows were 32.5% and multiparous 67.5%. Overall, P/1AI was 18.1% and not statistically different between parity (P > 0.05). Within multiparous, those cows that calved in spring-summer had a lower P/1AI than cows calving in fall-winter (P ≤ 0.05). The variable most associated with P/1AI was accumulated milk yield within 90 d pp. Higher producers (>2,200 kg) had a 23.6% P/1AI and lower producers 8.54%. Milk yield for pregnant cows at first service was 2,737 kg and for non-pregnant 2,313 kg (P ≤ 0.05). This trend was the same within calving season and parity. Cows gaining or maintaining BCS during the dry period had a P/1AI of 20.2% and 2,644 kg of milk yield, while cows losing BCS had a P/1AI of 16.4% and 2,569 kg of milk yield (P ≤ 0.05). Higher producers had 16% of dystocia and lower producers 19.9%. Higher producers had 6.7% of lameness and lower producers 11.1%. It is concluded that lower milk yield was associated with increased incidence of diseases, greater loss of BCS during the prepartum period, more dystocia, and lower P/1AI than those cows with higher milk yield