We investigates the association between cow body condition score (BCS) during late-pregnancy on developmental parameters and blood biomarkers of neonatal calves. Forty-nine multiparous Holstein cows were retrospectively divided by prepartal BCS into BCS ≤3.25 (n = 30; LoBCS) and BCS ≥3.75 (n = 19; HiBCS) groups. Plasma samples were collected from cows at −10 d relative to parturition. Body weight, hip and wither height, hip width and body length were measured at birth and weekly through weaning (42 d of age) and until 9 weeks of age. Calf blood samples were collected from the jugular vein at birth (before receiving colostrum, 0 d), 24 h after first colostrum and at 7, 21, 42 and 50 d of age. The data were subjected to ANOVA using the mixed procedure of SAS. The statistical model included Day, BCS, and their interactions. Dry matter intake during the last 4 wk of pregnancy was lower overall (P = 0.06) for HiBCS cows (12.0 vs. 12.9 ± 0.3 kg/d). Concentrations of fatty acids (P = 0.01; 0.30 vs. 0.19 ± 0.03 mmol/L), ceruloplasmin (P = 0.05; 2.54 vs. 2.30 ± 0.09 µmol/L), and nitric oxide (P = 0.05; 31.53 vs. 29.95 ± 0.64 µmol/L) were greater overall at −10 d in HiBCS cows. A negative correlation was observed between calf birth weight and the concentrations at −10 d in HiBCS cows of haptoglobin (r = −0.76; P < 0.01), ceruloplasmin (r = −0. 57; P = 0.05), and reactive oxygen metabolites (r = −0.79; P < 0.01). Birth body weight was lower (P = 0.03; 42.5 vs. 44.7 ± 0.72 kg) in calves born to dams with HiBCS. Although calves born to cows with LoBCS maintained greater postnatal body weight (P = 0.04; 63.3 vs. 59.7 ± 1.33 kg), hip and wither height, hip width, body length, daily starter intake and average daily gain did not differ due to maternal BCS. Overall, results highlight an association between BCS during late-gestation on calves development and postnatal growth.