During the periparturient period, dairy cows mobilize stored nutrients to support fetal development and milk production. An objective of the present study was to determine the relationship between newborn calves’ serum lipid-soluble vitamins and the dams’ health status during the periparturient period in a commercial dairy farm in the western United States. Blood sample from jugular vein was obtained from a total of 459 calves within the first 4 d of life. Serum were collected and stored at −80 Celsius for analysis of lipid-soluble vitamins (α-tocopherol, β-carotene, and retinol) via HPLC, running 6 min by 78% acetonitrile, 13% dichloromethane, 8.9% methanol, and 0.1% n-butanol mobile phase. Health data were collected for each animal on sampling day. Dam’s health status was recorded to determine how metabolic disorders and diseases might be affecting calves’ lipid soluble vitamins. The data were analyzed using the generalized linear mixed model with diseases as fixed effect and calves as random effect; significance was declared at P = 0.05. Retinol and β-carotene were normally distributed while α-tocopherol data were log-transformed for statistical analysis. Results showed that calves from dams with pneumonia (1893 vs. 2464 ± 199 ng/mL) and milk fever (1440 vs. 2447 ± 44 ng/mL) during the periparturient period had significantly lower serum retinol compared with that for calves from healthy dams. The calves from mastetic dams however tended to have greater serum retinol concentration that that for calves from healthy dams (2766 vs. 2419 ± 191 ng/mL, P = 0.08). Similar result was observed regarding metritis; calves from dams with metritis had greater a-tocopherol than that for calves from healthy dams (3345 vs. 2940 ± 1.1 ng/mL). In summary, the dams’ metabolic disorders may affect the calves’ lipid soluble vitamins status and may be associated with calves’ health issues in the future. Further investigation should focus on dams’ health and metabolic indices to determine relationship between their health status during the periparturient period and calves’ metabolic state.