The laxity of the supportive structures of the claw increase during the transition period increasing the risk of mechanical damage. The aim of this prospective longitudinal study was to evaluate if standing behavior during the transition period related to sole lesions on commercial dairy farms. A convenience sample of 8 farms was visited every other week, and animals without previous severe claw horn lesions and remaining sound until calving were included. Standing behavior was measured with data loggers attached to a rear leg, and standing time and duration of the longest standing bout were determined for each cow and day. Standing behavior was further summarized into: 1) before (d −14 to −2), 2) around (d −1 to 1), and 3) after (d 2 to 14) calving. Average standing time and average longest standing bout were determined for each cow and period. Behavior was recorded for 262, 253 and 256 cows in the 3 periods, respectively. For 250 cows we had standing data both before and after calving. Trimming was performed 8 to12 wk postpartum; claw lesion data were summarized per cow, and the most serious injury of each lesion type was noted. Sole lesions were found in 31 cows. Mixed-effect logistic regression models with farm as random effect were used to analyze the risk of developing sole lesions, using animals without claw lesion as baseline. Separate models were fitted for the 2 standing behaviors, and for the periods before, around, and after calving. Change in standing behavior from before to after calving was also analyzed. BCS at wk 0, BCS loss, milk yield, parity, and DIM at trimming were included as covariates. No association was found between sole lesions and standing behavior before or around calving. Longer standing time (OR 1.4; 95% CI 1.1–1.9), and standing bouts (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.1–2.2) postpartum increased the odds of sole lesions, as did an increase in standing bout duration from before to after calving (OR 1.5; 95% CI 1.1–2.2). In conclusion, cows with prolonged standing directly after calving were more likely to develop sole lesions.