Objectives were to evaluate the relationship between fecal pH, milk yield (MY) and components, DMI, and blood parameters during the transition period. From d −21 to 28 relative to calving, DMI and MY were recorded daily, whereas fecal pH and milk composition were determined weekly from 52 multiparous cows. Based on antepartum pH, cows were retrospectively categorized into 1 of 2 groups: 1) High (AH; top 1/3 of cows, pH >7.3; n = 17) or 2) Low (AL; bottom 1/3 cows, pH <7.1; n = 17); likewise for postpartum pH (PH, pH >6.8 or PL, pH <6.5), and pH change pre- to postpartum (ΔH or ΔL). Data were analyzed using the MIXED and CORR procedures of SAS. Although magnitude of ΔpH did not affect MY or DMI, these response variables from PL cows were less than those of PH cows 1 wk postpartum (P ≤ 0.03). Decreased antepartum DMI was associated with lower postpartum fecal pH (r = −0.28; P = 0.05). A large fecal pH change from wk-1 to 1 was associated with decreased DMI on wk 3 postpartum (r = −0.33; P = 0.05). Antepartum fecal pH was negatively associated with the rate of MY increase from wk 1–2 (r = −0.31; P = 0.03). The rate of change in fecal pH from wk 1–2 was positively correlated with the rate of increase in MY from wk 1–4 (r = 0.38; P = 0.03). Fecal pH was negatively associated with wk 1–4 SCC (r = −0.28; P = 0.05). Relative to PH cows, those with lower fecal pH postpartum had decreased ECM and concentration of milk fat and lactose 1 wk postpartum (P ≤ 0.04). Postpartum fecal pH was positively correlated with contents of milk fat, lactose, MUN, and ECM for wk 3 postpartum (r = 0.33, 0.39, 0.29, and 0.28, respectively; P ≤ 0.07). Fecal ΔpH from wk −1 to 1 was positively associated with the slopes of circulating LBP and Hp concentrations from wk 1–2 postpartum (r = 0.73 and 0.55, respectively; P ≤ 0.03). Change in pH from wk −1 to 1 was positively correlated with NEFA and BHB concentrations postpartum (r = 0.48 and 0.51, respectively; P ≤ 0.04). In summary, fecal pH appears to be moderately associated with production parameters, metabolism and inflammation during the transition period in dairy cows.