Characterization of local breeds in terms of physiology and production is crucial to propose strategies for their preservation. Blood from Italian local breeds Garganica (GA), Girgentanta (GI), Jonica (JO), Rossa Mediterranea (RM), Maltese (MA) and Saanen (SA) was sampled throughout a complete lactation (28 wk) to characterize their metabolic and oxidative plasmatic profile when reared under the same experimental conditions. A total of 57 goats (9–10 does/breed) were enrolled in the study, and individual blood samples (n = 784) were collected every 2–3 wk. A mixed model with repeated measures was used to analyze the data considering breed, week of lactation and their interaction as fixed effects, and the animal and the residual as random. Metabolic plasmatic profile revealed that (P < 0.05): the greatest NEFA (mmol/L) value was observed in SA (0.63 ± 0.01); triglycerides (mmol/L) were greater in MA, GA and GI (35.1 ± 0.65) than in RM (31.8 ± 0.65); glucose (mmol/L) was greater in GA and JO (65.2 ± 0.65) than in GI, MA and SA (61.9 ± 0.62); total protein (g/L) was greater in GI and JO (7.18 ± 0.03) than in GA (7.04 ± 0.03); creatinine (mg/dL) was greater in RM (0.86 ± 0.01) than in MA (0.78 ± 0.01); the lowest uric acid (mg/dL) value was observed in JO (0.38 ± 0.01); ALT (U/L) was greater in GI (11.7 ± 0.21) than in MA (10.0 ± 0.20); AST (U/L) was greater in GI and RM (261 ± 4.8) than in GA and JO (196 ± 4.6); and ALP (U/L) was greater in MA (239 ± 1.1) than in GA, JO and SA (124 ± 1.1). The oxidative plasmatic profile showed that (P < 0.05): the greatest TBARS (nmol/L) and FRAP (mg AAeq/mL) value was in JO (0.97 ± 0.02) and GI (73.4 ± 1.67), respectively, while the other breeds showed no differences among them; IDROP (µmol/mL) was greater in MA (6.56 ± 0.08) than in RM (6.19 ± 0.09); carbonylated proteins (µmol/mL) were greater in GA, MA, SA and RM (111 ± 1.0) than in JO (105 ± 1.0); and SOD (U/mL) was greater in GA (114 ± 0.9) than in GI, JO, MA and RM (109 ± 1.0). This is the first characterization of the metabolic and oxidative profile of GA, GI, JO, RM and MA goat breeds. Our results revealed considerable differences between the breeds. The authors thank the Centro di Zootecnia e Acquacoltura (Italy) and the Associazione Italiana Allevatori (Italy).