Over 10% of the milk used by humans worldwide comes from buffalo. In Italy, a major part of that buffalo milk is used to manufacture mozzarella cheese. The objective of this study was to evaluate feeding program characteristics of buffalo farms in the Italian provinces of Caserta and Salerno, particularly forage particle size as it may affect milk production and quality. Thirty-nine farms were studied and each visited twice to collect feeding information, production data, and feed samples to evaluate particle size, diet components, and diet composition. Herds averaged 136 lactating and dry cows (range 66 to 570), with mean daily milk/cow of 7.70 kg (6 to 12 kg/d) containing 8.46% fat (7.4 to 9.3%), 4.72% protein (4.4 to 5.0%), and 4.85% lactose (4.6 to 6.3%). Average milk production/lactation was 2,274 kg (1,800 to 3,100 kg), with average lactation length of 293 d and 409 d average lactation interval. All farms used a total mixed ration; 6 used only dry hay and concentrate and the remaining 33 used a combination of dry hay, silage, and concentrates. Samples of total mixed rations were analyzed for nutrient composition and particle size. Samples averaged 51% dry matter, 13.8% crude protein, 57% neutral detergent fiber, and 26% acid detergent fiber with wide ranges of values for all nutrients measured. Particle size analysis showed on average 45.6% of the sample was retained on the 19-mm sieve (range 12.3 to 78.7%), 20.4% on the 8-mm sieve (2.4 to 50.5%), 10.4% on the 4-mm sieve (3.2 to 20.7%), and 23.0% on the bottom pan (5.4 to 22.7%). Overall, no significant correlations between diet composition or particle size and production were detected. This study showed that feeding systems used for buffalo in the mozzarella cheese making areas of Italy are quite varied.