Despite high morbidity and mortality in dairy calves, few scientific guidelines exist for timely treatment and euthanasia. The objectives of this study were to determine dairy veterinarians’ (n = 49) perspectives on euthanasia decisions in response to common calf conditions (n = 9) and to assess preferred timelines for euthanasia for each condition. We requested veterinarians complete an online survey using an email invitation sent to the American Association of Bovine Practitioners list-serve. Responses to management decisions for calf conditions included: “euthanize immediately,” “treat and monitor for signs of improvement,” “cull/sell for beef,” or “n/a.” If veterinarians selected “treat and monitor,” a follow-up question was asked: “how many days are you willing to give the animal to improve until you decide that euthanasia is the best option?” The proportion of respondents that selected each option was determined using PROC FREQ in SAS. The only condition that most veterinarians selected “euthanize immediately” was if the calf was identified as non-ambulatory (53%; 23/49). “Treat and monitor for signs of improvement” was the most common response for all other conditions: bloat (97%; 48/49), diarrhea (100%; 49/49), joint infection (95%; 36/49), severe lameness (79%; 30/49), navel infection (100%; 49/49), nervous system disorders (82%; 31/49), pneumonia (97%; 37/49), and traumatic injury (71%; 27/49). The number of days reported (median, range) until euthanasia was deemed the best option were as follows: bloat (n = 26; 3, 1–14), diarrhea (n = 26, 7, 2–14), joint infection (n = 1; 5), severe lameness (n = 17; 5, 1–10), nervous system disorders (n = 23; 3, 1–7), non-ambulatory (n = 16; 2.5, 1–7), pneumonia (n = 24; 5, 1–14), and traumatic injury (n = 17; 3, 1–7). Veterinarians generally agreed upon management decisions for all conditions. However, the wide range of responses for euthanasia timelines make it difficult to establish recommendations for the industry. Our next step to understand veterinarian decision-making is to determine what drives the wide variation in responses regarding euthanasia decision-making.