Our objectives were to evaluate the association of subclinical hypocalcemia (SCH) duration with the risk of early lactation negative events and milk production. Data from a cohort of 407 Holstein cows in 2 herds in NY were used. Primiparous (P) and multiparous (M) cows were classified into 1 of 4 groups based on postpartum plasma total Ca (tCa): normocalcemic (NC; [tCa]_P > 2.15 mmol/L at 1 and 2 DIM, n = 67; [tCa]_M > 1.77 at 1 DIM, > 2.20 mmol/L at 4 DIM, n = 109); transient SCH (tSCH; [tCa]_P ≤ 2.15 at 1 DIM, > 2.15 mmol/L at 2 DIM, n = 25; [tCa]_M ≤ 1.77 at 1 DIM, > 2.20 mmol/L at 4 DIM, n = 50); persistent SCH (pSCH; [tCa]_P ≤ 2.15 mmol/L at 1 and 2 DIM, n = 33; [tCa]_M ≤ 1.77 at 1 DIM, ≤ 2.20 mmol/L at 4 DIM, n = 34); or delayed SCH (dSCH; [tCa]_P > 2.15 at 1 DIM, ≤ 2.15 mmol/L at 2 DIM, n = 19; [tCa]_M > 1.77 at 1 DIM, ≤ 2.20 mmol/L at 4 DIM, n = 70). Evaluated outcomes were development of a negative event (NEG; hyperketonemia at 3, 5, 7, and/or 10 DIM, metritis, or displaced abomasum or herd removal within 60 DIM) and average milk yield per d across the first 10 wk of lactation. Multivariable Poisson models were used to analyze the NEG outcome and generalized linear mixed models for milk yield. Both P and M cows with tSCH were no more likely to have a NEG event than NC cows (risk ratio_P (RR) = 1.3, 95% CI = 0.5 to 3.2; RR_M = 1.4, 95% CI = 1.0 to 2.1). However, P and M pSCH cows were 4.1 (95% CI = 2.1 to 7.9) and 1.8 (95% CI = 1.2 to 2.7), and dSCH cows 3.2 (95% CI = 1.5 to 7.0) and 1.8 (95% CI = 1.4 to 2.6) times more likely to have a NEG event than NC cows, respectively. Both P and M cows with tSCH produced more milk per d than NC, pSCH, or dSCH cows across the first 10 wk of lactation. Primiparous cows averaged 28.5 ± 0.7, 31.9 ± 1.1, 29.7 ± 0.9, and 28.7 ± 1.2 kg per d for NC, tSCH, pSCH, and dSCH cows, respectively, and M cows averaged 44.6 ± 0.7, 49.1 ± 1.1, 46.4 ± 1.3, and 41.4 ± 0.9 kg per d for NC, tSCH, pSCH, and dSCH, respectively. Our results suggest that cows with tSCH adapt better to early lactation, develop fewer NEG events, and produce more milk than NC, pSCH, or dSCH cows. Primiparous or M cows with pSCH or dSCH are at an increased risk for early lactation NEG events and reduced milk production.