Tuberculosis is an important disease in animals and humans causing substantial morbidity, mortality, and economic loss. Significant variation exists in ways organisms of the M. tuberculosis complex affect animals and humans; however, there are also important intersections between animals and humans. The best example is the occurrence of M. bovis disease in humans and animals. The genus Mycobacterium includes several species that cause TB in humans and other animals. The M. tuberculosis complex includes M. tuberculosis, M. cannettii, M. africanum, M. bovis, M. pinnipedii, M. mungi, M. caprae, and M. microti. The tubercle bacillus infects an estimated 2 billion people with 95% of the cases in developing countries. TB is a leading cause of infectious disease-related death worldwide, estimated to cause 1.5 to 2 million yearly. Zoonotic tuberculosis (TB) in people is caused by Mycobacterium bovis, which belongs to the M. tuberculosis complex. Cattle are the most important animal reservoir for exposure of humans, but the disease affects other species and can become established in wildlife. It often affects sites other than the lungs, such as lymph nodes. In many cases, it is clinically indistinguishable from TB caused by M. tuberculosis. In 2015, there were an estimated 149,000 new human cases of zoonotic TB globally, and 13,400 deaths due to zoonotic TB. Africa carries the heaviest burden of disease and death, followed by Southeast Asia. The true burden is likely underestimated due to a lack of routine surveillance data Risk factors: The most common route of transmission to humans is through food Airborne infections and direct contact with infected animals pose a risk to people with frequent direct contact with infected animals or contaminated animal products. Common laboratory diagnostic procedures do not differentiate M. tuberculosis from M. bovis leading to under-diagnosis of zoonotic TB. Zoonotic TB poses special challenges for patient treatment and recovery. M. bovis is naturally resistant to pyrazinamide, one of 4 medications used in standard first-line anti- TB treatment regimen. Most TB patients begin treatment without drug susceptibility testing, so patients with zoonotic TB may receive inadequate treatment. Zoonotic TB in humans is often extra-pulmonary and may be misdiagnosed, and therefore initiation of treatment delayed.