The objectives of this study were to measure lameness, injuries, and lying behavior of lactating cows on tiestall dairies, and to measure cow size and stall dimensions to determine if facilities are adequately sized. This was an observational study in which New York State dairies were evaluated during 2 farm visits in the spring and summer of 2017. A total of 10 facilities, 400 lactating cows (40 per herd), and 85 stalls were evaluated (8 to 9 stalls per herd). Cows were evaluated for lameness while standing in the stall and while moving, hock, knee, and neck injuries, and lying behavior. Facility evaluations included stall dimensions, bedding amount, and bedding cleanliness. On average, 20% of the stalls had no bedding, 39% had a little, 24% had 1–2 inches, and 17% had >2 inches of bedding covering the stall. The majority (62%) of stalls were clean, 21% slightly soiled, and 17% very soiled. Cows had an average rump height of 58.8 inches (range: 55.7 to 62.4), and an average hook width of 22.9 inches (range: 19.2 to 25.5). Stall length, width, and tie rail height averaged 67.9, 52.4, and 39.1 inches respectively. Based on cow size, only 4 farms met the size recommendations for stall length, 9 farms for stall width, and only 2 had adequate tie rail height. Locomotion score lameness prevalence averaged 24% (20% mild and 4% severe), with a range of 5% to 45%, and the in-stall lameness prevalence average was 14%, with a range of 3% to 25%, indicating the in-stall system underestimates lameness. Farms averaged 58% for hock injuries (49% mild and 9% severe), ranging from 20 to 88%; 4% for knee injuries, ranging from 0 to 10%; and 18% for neck injuries (11% mild and 7% severe), ranging from 3 to 50%. Lying time averaged 10.7 h/d (range: 7.7 to 12.7), with 10.3 bouts/day (range: 6.6 to 13.0), and a bout length of 68.1 min/bout (range: 54.4 to 81.4). While lameness and injuries are a challenge on individual tiestall dairies, some dairies were performing very well compared with industry benchmarks and guidelines. Additional research on more herds is needed to understand the relationship between housing and management factors with lameness and lying time to improve cow comfort on tiestall dairies.