Abstract #M49

# M49
Influences of environmental enrichment on activity and performance of group-housed dairy calves.
Kelsey C. Horvath*1, Emily K. Miller-Cushon1, 1University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.

Providing different forms of enrichment can influence behavioral development, performance, and animal welfare. We examined the effects of environmental enrichment in group housed dairy calves on activity and performance. Holstein calves (n = 48) were group-housed (4/pen) and randomly assigned to receive either hay (H), a rotating brush (B), or no additional enrichment (C). All calves received milk replacer (8 L/d) through an automated milk feeder and grain concentrate. Calves were weaned over 10 d beginning at wk 7 of life. We recorded daily feed intake, weekly bodyweight and coat cleanliness (0 = clean; 1 = dirty), and standing time using electronic data loggers. Data were analyzed by stage (preweaning and weaning) in a generalized linear mixed model with week as a repeated measure. Cleanliness score was analyzed by week using Fisher’s Exact Test. During preweaning, concentrate intake was similar between pens (0.58 kg DM/d; SE = 0.14; P = 0.24), but total solid feed intake (including hay) tended to evolve differently over time (P = 0.07) and calves offered hay had greater total intake in wk 6 (1.6 vs. 0.95. vs. 0.94 kg DM/d; H vs. C vs. B; SE = 0.17; P = 0.02). Preweaning ADG was similar between treatments (0.81 kg/d; SE = 0.04; P = 0.19). Standing time (402.2 min/d; SE = 9.7; P = 0.60) and standing bout frequency (19.2 bouts/d; SE = 0.85; P = 0.28) did not differ before weaning. During weaning total solid feed intake (3.23 kg DM/d; SE = 0.37; P = 0.79) and ADG (0.67 kg/d; SE = 0.34; P = 0.79) were similar. Daily standing time did not differ during weaning (439.4 min/d; SE = 9.7; P = 0.80) but B calves had more frequent standing bouts (B: 17.5 vs. C: 14.6 vs. H: 14.0 bouts/d; SE = 0.84; P = 0.03). Calves provided a brush were cleaner during weaning (B: 50% vs. C: 6% vs. H: 0% clean in wk 8; P < 0.001). These results suggest positive effects of enrichment for group-housed calves, with hay access stimulating intake and brush access influencing activity and improving cleanliness.

Key Words: dairy calf, enrichment, performance