Transition period diseases continue to be a challenge for the dairy industry despite major advancements in dairy management and nutrition. Lameness during the dry period is understudied and may be associated with other transition period diseases. In the current study, we hypothesized that cows entering the dry period as lame would be more likely to become ill. Between May and December 2017, we visited 6 commercial freestall dairy farms in British Columbia. A total of 426 cows were enrolled at dry-off. Gait score at dry-off was assessed for each cow using a 5-point score. Cows scored ≥3 were classified as lame. Cows were assessed for health 4 times per cow between 3 and 18 d in milk, and were diagnosed with subclinical ketosis (SCK) based on blood BHB ≥1.2mmol/L, and puerperal metritis (PM) based on fetid watery vaginal discharge. Assessment of retained placenta (RP) was based upon farm records. Logistic regression multilevel models, using farm as random effect, were used to test the effect of lameness at dry-off on the incidence of SCK, PM, and RP. Parity was included as the covariate in all models. BCS was considered an intervening factor and not included in the models. The incidence of SCK, PM, and RP over the first 18 DIM were 36, 29 and 10%, respectively. The prevalence of lame cows at dry-off was 41% (22% primiparous, 78% multiparous). Primiparous cows were 60% (OR: 0.39; 95% CI: 0.24 – 0.63; P < 0.01) less likely to develop SCK postpartum than multiparous cows. No association between parity and PM or RP was found. Being lame at dry-off was not associated with SCK post calving, tended to increase the chances of PM (OR: 1.50; 95% CI: 0.95 – 2.39; P = 0.08) and increased the chances of RP by 1.98 times (95% CI: 1.03 – 3.80; P = 0.04) compared with non-lame cows at dry-off. This work indicates that lameness is associated with some transition period diseases. Strategies to reduce lameness during the dry period may improve other measures of health in early lactation.