The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential of using the near-infrared (NIR) and Fourier transform mid-infrared (ATR-FT/MIR) spectroscopy as potential techniques for the determination of intestinal CP digestibility (IPD) of wheat. Forty-eight wheat samples collected from western Canada were analyzed for CP content and in vitro IPD. For CP, the best NIR model was obtained with the 1400–2500 nm spectral range of standard normal variate and detrending preprocessed spectra, which showed an excellent prediction performance (R² = 0.98); the best MIR model was developed using the 1800–700 cm⁻¹ region of multiplicative scattering corrected spectra, which also gave an excellent prediction performance (R² = 0.96). Regarding to IPD, the best model obtained by NIR technique (based on the 1100–2500 nm region of first derivative treated spectra) showed approximate quantitative predictive ability (R² = 0.68), and the best model generated by MIR technique (using the 1700–900 cm⁻¹ region of first derivative preprocessed spectra) obtained similar prediction performance (R² = 0.67). The amide I and II bands played important roles in the development of PLS models for CP and IPD and the amide I region might be more important than amide II region. Results from this study demonstrated the potential of using IR spectroscopy for the prediction of nutrient digestibility while more efforts are required to improve the performance of NIR and ATR-FT/MIR spectroscopy in predicting the IPD.