Adoption of sophisticated on-farm decision-making tools has been scant in the dairy industry to this point. Yet, the dairy industry remains a perfect application of decision science because (1) it is characterized by considerable price, weather, and biological variation and uncertainty, (2) technologies, such as those characteristic of precision dairy farming, designed to collect data for decision making abound, and (3) the primary output, fluid milk, is difficult to differentiate, increasing the need for alternative means of business differentiation. In “Competing on Analytics: The New Science of Winning,” Davenport and Harris (2007) pose that in industries with similar technologies and products, “high performance business processes” are one of the only ways that businesses can differentiate themselves. The basis for most of our mastitis decision tools thus far has been DHIA (Dairy Herd Information Association). DHIA records are an essential part of dairy herd management for many progressive dairy operations. Given the economic importance of both clinical and subclinical mastitis, early detection of mastitis is one of the most exciting precision dairy farming applications. Real-time data can be used for monitoring animals and creating exception reports to identify meaningful deviations. In many cases, dairy management and control activities can be automated. It’s important to remember that information obtained from precision dairy farming technologies is only useful if it is interpreted and utilized effectively in decision making. Integrated, computerized information systems are essential for interpreting the mass quantities of data obtained from Precision Dairy Farming technologies. This information may be incorporated into decision support systems designed to facilitate decision making for issues that require compilation of multiple sources of data. New technologies that measure SCC, LDH, conductivity, temperature, and behavior open up opportunities for additional data streams. Economic based decision tools may help farmers make more economically driven treatment and culling decisions.