Adipose tissue contributes to whole body energy partitioning and the adipokines leptin and adiponectin have been associated with lipid and glucose metabolism. Propionate as a ligand for the free fatty acid binding receptors FFAR1 and FFAR2 increases leptin secretion in mice by activation of FFAR2 and increases leptin mRNA abundance in subcutaneous adipose tissue of sheep. Potassium sorbate is commonly used as a preservative in milk replacer. Interestingly, sorbic acid is a specific ligand for FFAR2 in cattle, but effects on adipokine release are unknown. Aim of the current study was therefore to analyze effects of dietary sorbic acid supplementation on plasma concentrations of sorbic acid, leptin and adiponectin in milk-fed calves. Eight predominantly milk-fed male Holstein Friesian calves (145 ± 2 kg of BW) were equipped with semi-permanent catheters in the jugular vein. Four calves were fed with a milk replacer containing 2% sorbic acid at 0630 and 1530 h for 2 consecutive days. Blood samples were taken at −10, 15, 30, 60, 120, 180, 240, 300, and 360 min relative to the last feeding. Sorbic acid uptake was analyzed in pooled samples after protein precipitation with acetonitrile by HPLC on a Rezex ROA-organic acid column (Phenomenex, Aschaffenburg, Germany) at 60°C and a flow of 0.4 mL/min with 0.5 mM sulfuric acid as eluent and UV detection at 262 nm. Plasma concentrations of leptin and adiponectin were measured by ELISA. Data were analyzed with the MIXED procedure of SAS using a repeated measurement ANOVA model with treatment as fixed effect. There were no feed refusals of milk replacer containing 2% sorbic acid. One (control) calf could not be sampled due to malfunction of the catheter. An immediate increase of sorbic acid was observed in plasma with a peak at 15 min after the onset of feeding. Plasma leptin and adiponectin concentrations were not affected by supplementing sorbic acid. In conclusion, uptake of sorbic acid from milk replacer occurs very rapidly in calves but sorbic acid supplementation (2%) did not significantly affect plasma leptin and adiponectin in milk-fed calves.