Colostrum and milk are essential sources of antibodies and nutrients for the neonate, playing a key role in their survival and growth. Colostrogenesis is particularly crucial during the final stages of gestation. Characterizing the transcriptome profile and the metabolic and signaling pathways during this period could provide a more detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms controlling colostrogenesis. To provide a comprehensive transcriptome profiling of the mammary gland around farrowing, mammary tissue was collected from 3 s-parity sows on days −14, −10, −6, −2, and +1 relative to parturition. Extracted total RNA was sequenced using the Illumina platform, and mapped to the S. scrofa genome assembly (v10.2). Statistical analysis was conducted using limma/voom R-package, with time as fixed effect and animal as random effect. Dynamic Impact Approach and gene network analysis with Ingenuity Pathways Analysis were performed to uncover the most-impacted pathways and to identify transcription regulators (TR) and their networks. Data at −14d were used as a baseline to determine the longitudinal transcriptional response (upregulation ↑; downregulation ↓) close to farrowing. A total of 0, 23 (3 ↓; 20 ↑), 1193 (521 ↓; 672 ↑) and 4982 (2352 ↓; 2630 ↑) differentially expressed genes (False Discovery Rate P ≤ 0.05) were detected in the comparison of −10vs-14d, −6vs-14d, −2vs-14d and +1vs-14d, respectively. Collectively, our results confirm that the sow mammary gland transcriptome changes dramatically very close to parturition (−2d) where we detected a marked upregulation of metabolic pathways, notably ‘fatty acid biosynthesis’ and ‘galactose metabolism’. Furthermore, the substantial upregulation of CSN1S2 and LALBA, along with activation of XBP1 (a key TR of the endoplasmic reticulum stress response) indicate that the swine mammary gland starts to shift into stage II lactogenesis at −2d before parturition. Furthermore, at +1d the TR IRF7, TP53, NUPR1 and NFATC2 were predicted to be activated. Overall, preliminary evaluation indicates a strong transcriptional component in the control of colostrogenesis.