The study objective was to determine associations between average daily gain (ADG) in dairy calves and 6 forms of respiratory disease (RESP), defined by combinations of clinical and thoracic ultrasound scores. Preweaned dairy calves (n = 280) on a commercial herd in Ohio, USA were enrolled at entry to an automated milk feeder barn and housed in groups of 13 ± 3 (mean ± stdev). Calves were 21 ± 6 d old at enrollment and were followed for 6 weeks. Twice weekly health exams included a clinical respiratory score (CRS), thoracic ultrasound score (USS), fecal score, and body weight. For the CRS, the nose, eyes, ears, cough, and rectal temperature were assigned a score (0–3) and was considered positive when at least 2 areas scored ≥2. The USS ranged from 0 (normal) to 5 (abnormal) based on the degree of lung consolidation. The CRS and USS were combined to create 6 RESP types: clinical lobular pneumonia (CLL; USS = 2, CRS+; n = 10), clinical lobar pneumonia (CL; USS ≥ 3, CRS+; n = 31), subclinical lobular pneumonia (SLL; USS = 2, CRS-; n = 82), subclinical lobar pneumonia (SCL; USS ≥ 3, CRS-; n = 88), upper respiratory tract disease (URT; USS < 2, CRS+; 40), and normal (USS < 2, CRS-; n = 29). A multivariable linear regression model was fit to determine if ADG was associated with RESP after controlling for sex, breed, and scours. A significant interaction existed between RESP and scours (P = 0.01). For calves without scours, ADG was significantly lower for CL (0.46kg) compared with SCL (0.69kg, P = 0.03), SLL (0.72kg, P = 0.008), and URT (0.79kg, P = 0.002); there was no difference in ADG among CL, CLL, or normal calves (P > 0.41). For scouring calves, there was a tendency for lower ADG in URT calves (0.44kg) compared with SCL calves (0.70kg, P = 0.06); ADG did not differ among CL, CLL, SLL, or normal calves (P > 0.95). This research is the first step in understanding the impacts of types of RESP, identified with CRS and USS, on calf performance. Findings suggest that calves with clinical lobar pneumonia are most severely affected. Further research is needed to understand if these calves should be managed differently than calves with other types of respiratory disease.