Antibiotically disturbed gastrointestinal microbiota may cause a series of problems. To assess the efficiency of microbiota transplantation on redressing the disturbed rumen microbiota by antibiotics, 10 cows were treated by injecting antibiotics (mixture of penicillin and streptomycin) at recommended dose for 14 d, and then randomly assigned to 2 groups. One was fed regularly as controls (CON), and another group was drenched with 10L rumen liquid collected from healthy donor fistula cows as microbiota transplantation treatment (MT) for subsequent 3 d. Rumen liquid were collected pre-antibiotics usage, and on d 3, d 14 after antibiotics injection, then on d 4, d 11, and d 18 after stopping antibiotic usages. The dynamic changes of rumen microbiota were monitored with the next generation sequencing technique. We observed that rumen microbiota significantly changed (ANOSIM P < 0.05) after 3 or 14 d of antibiotics usage, with the α diversity (richness from 1193 to 1173 and 1189; diversity from 5.79 to 5.64 and 5.68; evenness from 0.82 to 0.80 and 0.80) and stability (based on bray-curtis dissimilarity from 0.67 to 0.60 and 0.65) reduced (P < 0.05). After stopped antibiotics usage, microbiota in rumen changed rapidly in both groups (ANOSIM P < 0.05); however, the difference of microbiota in CON and MT group can be identified (ANOSIM P < 0.05). the microbiota α diversity (richness from 1189 to 1585; diversity from 5.68 to 5.92; evenness from 0.80 to 0.82) and stability (from 0.65 to 0.74) rebound immediately 1 d after transplantation in MT group, but in CON group, α diversity was not increased during the post-antibiotics period, and the stability not increased until d 18 (from 0.65 to 0.78) after stopping antibiotics usage (P < 0.05). We conclude that the disturbance of rumen microbiota by antibiotics hardly recovered naturally even stopped antibiotics usage for 18 d; however, antibiotically disturbed microbiota can be redressed efficiently by microbiota transplantation.