Abstract #M112

# M112
Evaluation of electrical bioimpedance spectroscopy for detection of milk adulteration—Preliminary results.
E. A. Veiga*2, C. M. M. R. Martins1, R. Frizon2, M. V. Santos1, 1Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil, 2Bionexus Tecnology, Chapecó, Brazil.

Electrical bioimpedance spectroscopy (EBS) is a fast, easy and low-cost methodology used for measurement the electrical properties of biological materials. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate an automatic equipment based on EBS (MilkSpec) for identification of milk adulterations. Bulk milk samples from 2 dairy farms were collected and stored for 24 h at 5°C. The milk from each farm were split into 24 subsamples of 20 mL, which were experimentally adulterated: (a) sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) or caustic soda (NaOH50%): 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0%; (b) Formaldehyde37%: 0, 0,5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 and 8.0%; (c) Mix: 1) Water (10%) + urea (0.5%). 2) Milk slightly acid (pH = 6.55) + NaOH50% (0.1%) (final pH = 6.9). 3) Milk slightly acid (pH = 6.55) + NaOH50% (0.1%) (final pH = 6.9) + Formaldehyde37% (0.5%). 4) Water (10%) + Formaldehyde37% (0.5%) + Urea (0.5%) + NaHCO3 (0.5%). The EBS analysis were made by Milkspec FS317 (Bionexus, Brazil) considering farm as experimental unit, which required only 20 mL of raw milk and less than a minute to obtain the bioimpedance spectra. The EBS results were calculated using Bionexus InterCurve EBS software for curve fitting and inverse Fourier transform. Also, a Δ from maximal and minimal of impedance spectra was obtained in each sample. NaHCO3 and NaOH50% were detected in milk from concentration of 0.1% by changes in curve fitting parameters and on Δ of impedance spectra in comparison with non-adulterated milk. Formaldehyde was detected from 0.5% by changes in curve fitting and by inverse Fourier transform. Adulteration by adding water and urea was also detected by curve fitting and inverse Fourier transform. Milk slightly acid + NaOH50% was detected by curve fitting, and Milk slightly acid + NaOH50% + Formaldehyde37% (0.5%) by changes in curve fitting and Δ of impedance spectra. The addition of water, formaldehyde, urea and sodium bicarbonate was detected by changes in curve fitting and Δ of impedance spectra. This preliminary results suggest that an automatic equipment based on EBS may be used in the dairy industry to detect milk adulterations. Additionally, EBS would have easier operating procedures and lower cost than traditional methods.

Key Words: electrical bioimpedance spectroscopy, milk quality, Milkspec